Erev Pesach that Falls on Shabbat

  • Living The Halachic Process
  • Part 4
  • Rabbi Daniel Mann
Question:
What do you suggest that we do on Erev Pesach this year,‎{&1&}‎ which is on Shabbat, regarding when and what to eat?
Answer:

There are a number of valid solutions to the challenges of Erev Pesach on Shabbat. People should determine the most practical solutions according to the halachic guidelines that their rabbis present.
One practical choice is to use only Pesachdik and/or disposable utensils and keep separate whatever chametz that one plans to eat while it is still permitted on Shabbat. The main complication is the fact that one is required to eat halachically recognized bread during at least the first two Shabbat meals.[2]
Using regular chametz bread is the most halachically straightforward option.[3] It is permissible to eat chametz, even after the house has been prepared for Pesach, until four (halachic) hours into the morning[4] (around two hours before halachic midday – consult a local calendar). Eating matza raises a problem, because according to most poskim, Chazal forbade eating matza on Erev Pesach from the beginning of the morning[5]
The reason that Chazal forbade eating matza on Erev Pesach is so that when we eat matza at the Seder, it will be clear that it is being eaten for the mitzva.[6] From that perspective, it is permitted to eat matza that is unsuitable for the mitzva of eating matza on Seder night.[7] This is primarily what is called matza ashira (colloquially referred to as “egg matzo”), which is kneaded with liquids other than water.[8]
However, there are two complications with using matza ashira as our bread on Shabbat Erev Pesach. First, although the gemara[9] says that the liquids in matza ashira do not cause fermentation that makes food chametz,[10] Ashkenazim are stringent to treat matza ashira as possible chametz, such that it is permitted to eat it on Pesach only in cases of great need.[11] (Some poskim[12] rely on the view of the Noda B’Yehuda[13] that one must avoid eating matza ashira only after midday of Erev Pesach.) Second, matza ashira may have the status of pat haba’ah b’kisnin[14] regarding its beracha,[15] and this makes it questionable as a choice for Shabbat bread.[16]
Based on the above principles, let us take a meal-by-meal look at the day.

Friday night meal – The halachically simplest idea is to eat bread that is chametz. Those who do not want to worry about having chametz in their ready-for-Pesach home may eat matza according to most poskim. If one has the minhag not to eat matza from the beginning of Nisan, or if he accepts the stringent ruling regarding eating matza the night before Pesach,[17] matza ashira is a reasonable alternative until midday.

Shabbat morning meal – If one finishes eating chametz (not necessarily the whole meal) by the end of four halachic hours of the morning (consult a local calendar), which can be accomplished by davening very early, matters are halachically simple.[18] Matza ashira with a hashgacha for Pesach is desirable for situations in which it is difficult or nerve-racking to deal with chametz, and one would seemingly not need to rush, as one has until halachic midday.

Seuda shlishit – This meal should normally be held in the afternoon[19] and should preferably include bread,[20] but chametz is already forbidden by then. Matza ashira is also problematic for Ashkenazim. The Rama[21] writes that we eat other foods, such as fruit or meat, at this seuda shlishit. The Mishna Berura[22] cites a different alternative: break up the morning meal into two, so that one can fulfill seuda shlishit on challa or matza ashira at that time. He points out that there should be a pause between the two meals in order to avoid the problem of making an unnecessary beracha, but he does not say how long that pause should be. Opinions range from a few minutes to half an hour, with some suggesting taking a short walk in between.[23]
One who is not usually careful to have challa at seuda shlishit throughout the year need not consider this idea. He can eat his normal breadless seuda shlishit in the afternoon, preferably earlier than usual in order to foster having a good appetite for the Seder.[24] Even those who usually have challa at seuda shlishit may follow the Rama’s recommendation over that of the Mishna Berura, as the latter is somewhat counter-intuitive and not without halachic problems. Sephardim can use matza ashira but must do so earlier than three halachic hours before sunset.[25]

** Notes:
[1]
The question was asked in 5768 (2008). The situation will arise next in 2021 and 2025.

[2]
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 274:4.

[3]
Out of concern for crumb management, unsliced challa is not the optimal choice. Pitas or rolls are a wiser option.

[4]
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 243:1.

[5]
Mishna Berura 471:12; Yechaveh Da’at I:91.

[6]
See Rambam, Chametz U’Matza 6:12.

[7]
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 471:2.

[8]
See Pesachim 35a-b.

[9]
Ibid.

[10]
At least if no water is present; see Tosafot ad loc.

[11]
Rama, Orach Chayim 462:4.

[12]
See Sha’arei Teshuva to Orach Chayim 444:1.

[13]
I, Orach Chayim 21.

[14]
Foods with similarities to bread, but not sufficiently to share all of the halachot of bread.

[15]
See Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 168:7.

[16]
Igrot Moshe, Orach Chayim I:155 explains that this is not a problem on Shabbat, but he still seems to prefer challa when convenient. See Rav Ovadia Yosef’s preferred solution in Yechaveh Da’at I:91.

[17]
See Igrot Moshe, Orach Chayim ibid.

[18]
The problem of the need to get rid of crumbs or leftovers by the end of the fifth hour is solvable, but it is beyond our present scope.

[19]
Starting from approximately a half hour after astronomical midday; see Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 291:2.

[20]
Ibid. 291:5.

[21]
444:1.

[22]
444:8.

[23]
See Piskei Teshuvot 444:6.

[24]
See details in Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 471:1.

[25]
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 471:2.

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